The microscope is the main instrument of every analysis laboratory.It is a device that has radically changed the way of understanding science, allowing humanity to discover the real composition of any object thanks to its ability to infinitesimally enlarge each of its components.
It has a very ancient origin, which is even lost in the late Middle Ages,when the first science enthusiasts understood the magnifying power of a lens.However, it was from the 17th century that the microscope began to have a shape similar to the current ones and to be used in the scientific field.
The microscope therefore serves to obtain a highly magnified image of a very small object, so that it can be analysed.Over the centuries the instrument has undergone great evolution and today there are particularly sophisticated devices on the market,capable of providing enlargements even at the atomic level.
A self-respecting laboratory must be equipped with modern and efficient microscopes.
Let's discover the main typologies of this widespread but at the same time complex instrument.
The laboratory microscope: uses
In the family ofmicroscopes, two particular categories can be identified, the optical microscope and the electron microscope.
The optical microscope exploits the visible light of the environment and allows you to obtain magnified images of an object.It is based on the presence of a system of lenses, present in the objective and in the observation eyepiece, which can lead to an enlargement of up to 2000 times compared to the real size of the observed object.
The two lens systems are mounted at the ends of a closed tube,and the focal point provides the observer with a real magnified image of the observed object.
The defect of a normal optical microscope is given by the wavelength of visible light,which is electromagnetic radiation and which cannot be too high.
Precisely for this reason, particular electron microscopesi have been developed, of enormous precision, capable of illuminating the observed sample with a electron beam and thus guaranteeing a considerably greater resolving power,up to a million times higher than the real one.
In a scientific laboratory, the use of an electronic device is certainly preferred,whose main characteristics to determine the quality are the resolution and the capacity of magnification.
Laboratory electron microscopes are mainly used in research and biomedical facilities,as they allow the classification of microorganisms as well as the screening of cellular tissues.
A simpler microscope, of the optical type, can instead also find its application in the field of workshops and hobbies.
Types of microscopes
In the scientific field,the biological laboratory microscopes can be divided into monocular, binocular and trinocular microscopes.
The monocular microscope is the simplest model,with a single eyepiece that allows observation of the sample with just one eye.
The binocular optical microscope is composed of two eyepieces,optical tubes that allow the operator to observe the desired object with both eyes.
The trinocular biological microscope adds a video camera or camera to the two eyepieces which allows the recording of everything observed and the transfer to a software system.
In bothcases the returned image will not be three-dimensional, given that regardless of the number of eyepieces the observation objective is single.
However, there are particular models on the market, called stereomicroscopes, equipped with pairs of objectives and therefore capable of providing a 3D vision of the observed object,very suitable for the observation of living beings or objects of particular thickness,but also for example of fabrics or electronic circuits.
Another particular distinction between types of microscopes is between bright field and dark field.
microscopesThe bright field microscope returns an image of the observed object through the light reflected from the observation dishto the objective, which must be perpendicular to each other.It then creates a light background light while the displayed object appears in contrast.
It can cause problems in the case of particularly transparent objects.
In this case the dark field microscope is preferred,which creates a dark background and makes the observed sample appear light by contrast.
Main components of a laboratory microscope
The microscope is a truly complex instrument equipped with various components,each of which contributes to determining the degree of quality of the microscope itself.
Its main parts are the objective and the eyepiece,both in the form of lens.
The quality and quantity of lenses used determine the magnification capacity of a microscope.
The objectives in turn can be different,in turn guaranteeing a different magnification power.
In the case of electron microscopes, the electron beam which hits the sample to be observed can guarantee a magnification of up to a million times.
Also essential in a laboratory optical microscope is the bulb,which allows the illumination of the sample, usually fixed to the lens system via a condenser, which allows the light to concentrate uniformly on the observed sample.
The microscope must then be equipped with a sample holder, made up of two slides in which the sample is positioned,with a hole that allows the passage of light.
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The choice of the right microscope is therefore fundamental in the activity of a functioning and modern laboratory.
You must therefore choose the right product according to your needs,considering the large quantity and diversity of devices existing on the market.
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